ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR

Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture?(1A)

     We will need to know what we mean by organizational structure and culture before we can compare them.

     Organizational structure can be define as how the management and the employee relate together within an organization in other to achieve the aim and objective of the organization. Organization culture can be define as the rules that guide the conduct of the employee within an organization, by this I mean the way every employee should go about their job. In an organization, decision need to be taken  on various issue and when decision are made there are important factor that will be given some responsibilities by the management structure. Both organizational structure and culture actually work together I mean they are interwin, it is one that give rise to another. It is the structure that actually defined the culture. There are four types of organizational structure.

     ENTERPRENEURAL STUCTURE: This is type of structure where instruction actually come from the centre, it is a sort of centralised structure and the figurehead is the most powerful  and everybody do as he says, any instruction that comes from the centre you have to do this type of organizational structure actually deals with absolute power from the centre. It is this type of structure that gives birth to power culture. You can find this type of structure in small organization.

     POWER CULTURE: In entrepreneur structure, power culture is the order of the day the figurehead with the absolute power uses the power to control his employee within an organization without any objection from the employee to his order.  This type of culture can be found within an enterpreneural structure.   

   BUREACRATIC STRUCTURE: This is the type of organization structure where people are given role to perform, there is power sharing or distribution within the organization, people are given a responsibility and the type of culture you find in this type of organizational structure is role. This type of culture can be found within government organization.

      ROLE CULTURE:  This is a culture where people are given some level of responsibilities there is a role for people within the organization for it to achieve its objective. Role culture can be found with a bureaucratic structure.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

    MATRIX STRUCTURE: This is the type of organizational structure that brings people together to solve a task, employee are given the necessary things to work with in other to solve the task or project this organizational  structure deals with the skill and expertise of the employee. In this type of organizational structure only have to solve task to achieve the management objective and by this the culture within this type of organization will be task culture.

   TASK CULTURE: This is the culture within an organization that the employee had to solve some task to achieve the aim and objective of the organization. You find this type of culture in an organisation with matrix structure.

   INDEPENDENCE STRUCTURE: The people within this type of organizational structure are always on their own they only come together to make decision that affect everyone. Each person within this organizational structure had got their separate objectives and know-how.

  PERSON CULTURE: This is the type of culture that exist within an organization with independence structure individual within this structure are only for himself or herself and it is how the decision make will favour individual person. This is the type of culture that is common  with independent structure.

 

ANALYSE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND THE                   EFFECTS ON BUSSINESS PERFOMANCE (1B)                                                                                                                                                                   

   ENTERPRENEUR STRUCTURE AND POWER CULTURE: This is the type structure  where  power is centralised decision to the various department comes from the centre and the type of culture in this type of structure is person culture.

 This type of organization structure and culture can help business grow,  especially  in small organization where this type of structure and culture can be found, decision are taken at the right time for a right thing so also because employee are not involved in the running of the organization it make them think they are stooge of the figurehead and this can cause revolt and have negative impact on the business.

BUREACRATIC STRUCTURE AND ROLE CULTURE: This is type of structure and culture in which authority is distributed people within this type of organization are involved in decision making because people are given role to perform. The type of culture you find in this type of structure is role culture where people are given role and responsibilities for the organization to achieve its objective

This type of structure an culture is good for business because it allow for contribution and participation from the employee and this make them to feel part of the organization compare to entrepreneur structure where employee feel as stooge of the figurehead.

   MATRIX SRUCTURE AND TASK CULTURE: In this type of culture people who are very skilful and expert in a particular field are given a task to solve base on their skill in this type of structure people always deal with task culture.

This type of structure and culture is very good for business because it is only people who are very skilful and have the know-how about the task that are given  the opportunity to work on the task and this guarantee quality.

INDEPENDENCE STRUCTURE AND PERSON CULTURE: Unlike in matrix where people come together to form a task in this type of structure individual only come together to discuss an issue that affects them as a whole and any positive thing that comes of it is meant for the individual as person because everyone is on their own. This type of organization structure is good for the business because every individual that come together share common ground and this can help individual business.

ANALYSE THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR AT WORK.(1C)

There are lot of factors that influence individual behaviour at work and this include

1 .Perception factor.

2. Attitudes.

3. The individual.

4. The group.

5. The organization.

6. The environment.

All these will now be discuss below.

·         Perception-This type of behavioural factor can affect individual at work ie the way individual view things. If an individual in an organization view things within the organization should be done in a different way from which is being done at the moment, it can affect the individual behaviour by not given his total commitment because such individual view things from different way and this can affect individual behaviour.

·         Attitudes-This can mean feeling of an individual within an organization towards certain things. If the attitudes of an individual in an organization is positive the individual behaviour at work will also be positive but if it is negative the individual behaviour will also be negative and this can affect individual behaviour at work.

·          THE INDIVIDUAL: This is a situation whereby individual within an organization think they should be seen as very important as the objective the management are trying to achieve. If any organization should see achieving their objective as the only thing they have to achieve and the employee are not integrate with the organization then there is possibility of conflict but when individual within an organization are well integrate with the organization it makes them to feel being part of the organization and this will make them to work effectively and efficiently.

·         THE GROUP: In every organization there are group and individual within an organization are member of one group or the other and the group member always influence themselves and this can influence the behaviour of individual within an organization. There also pressure from group member for them to perform and this can have influence over the behaviour of the individual member at work.

·         THE ORGANIZATION: The type of organizational structure being adopted by organization also have influence on individual behaviour at work, some organizational structure allow for employee contribution while some are not and this will have effect on individual behaviour at work.

·         THE ENVIROMENT: As the environment we are living are very dynamic things changes and as the things are changing organization too will change For instance in this ages of science where mode of operation of most organization are changing in other to keep pace with what is going on within the environment. As the operational system are changing the individual behaviour too will be changing.

 

Analyse How Organizational Theory Underpins Principle And Practise Of Organising                                               And Of Management.(2A)

   Organization theory support the principle and practise of organising and of management in many ways.                                                                                                        

There are four different approaches to management and these are

1. The classical approach
2. The human relations approach
3. The system approach
4. The contingency approach.

• The classical approach-this is the type of approaches that believe in the formal structure of an organisation they believe in work planning and organisation technical requirements and principal of management. This type of approaches place more emphases on bureaucratic setting of organisation and scientific management they pay more attention to job purposes compare to other approaches who place more emphases on people like the human relations approach.
• The human relations approach- this is the type of approaches that place emphases on social factors at work and the behaviour of employee. This approach believe in improving the welfare of the employee and so also this approach is an apostle of motivation to the employee and this can help in improving output. Again this type of approach is only human oriented and it does not take into consideration the purposes of the job at hand like in classical approach or the generality of the process of organisation or management like in the system approach.
• The system approach- unlike in the classical approach that place emphases on the work and the human relations approach that place its own emphases on the people, this type of approach actually see both work aspect and the human relations aspect as a system that is very important and one cannot work without the other that both the structural and the social factor have to work together for efficiency to be gain.
• The last approach that i will talk about is the CONTINGENCY approach that believes that no matter the type of approach you are applying you must have another one you can rely on if the first approach failed. In all organisation procedure you are using you must make sure you have another plan if that one should failed.

With all have said above we can see that all approaches are important and they can all be applying in solving organisation problem.